Why hypertension needs more attention

By Dr Utkarsh Shah
Critical Care Medicine Specialist

Often symptomless yet deadly, hypertension—commonly known as high blood pressure—quietly increases the risk of serious health complications, including heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and even vision loss. Dubbed the "silent killer," it often goes unnoticed until significant damage has already been done. With cases rising rapidly across the globe, particularly in younger populations, the condition is being fueled by sedentary lifestyles, poor dietary habits, chronic stress, and lack of routine health check-ups. Despite its prevalence, hypertension remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. This makes public awareness, timely screening, early diagnosis, and preventive care not just important, but life-saving. Prioritizing hypertension in health conversations can lead to better outcomes and reduce the growing burden on healthcare systems worldwide.

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1. Why should we be concerned?

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is defined as a systolic blood pressure of ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure ≥90 mmHg, measured on two separate occasions. It is often called the "silent killer" because it typically has no symptoms until it causes serious complications like heart attack or stroke.

2. Why should we be concerned?

Hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in India. According to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), 24% of men and 21% of women aged 15 and above have elevated blood pressure. It increases the risk of stroke by 4 times and heart failure by 3 times.

3. Risk factors in India

Excess salt intake (more than 10 grams per day), sedentary lifestyle, high stress levels, and smoking are common causes. Obesity, poor sleep, and genetic predisposition also contribute significantly.

4. Diagnosis and management

A blood pressure of 120/80 mmHg is considered normal. BP readings should be taken in a seated, relaxed position with a validated monitor. Management includes lifestyle changes—low-sodium diet, regular physical activity, weight loss—and medications like ACE inhibitors or calcium channel blockers as prescribed.

5. Takeaway

Early detection and regular monitoring are essential. A healthy lifestyle and medication adherence can prevent complications.

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Published in Lokmat Times, Nagpur Main, Page No. 7, May 29, 2025